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Prophet Abraham (pbuh)
Prophet Abraham (pbuh)
Islam, along with Judaism and Christianity, is an Abrahamic faith. In other words, Muslims revere Abraham as a prophet and true follower of God’s religion. In the Quran, the holy book of Islam, God describes Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him (pbuh), as His friend:
Who could be better in religion than those who direct themselves wholly to God, do good, and follow the religion of Abraham, who was true in faith? God took Abraham as a friend. (4:125)
At another point, God says:
Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian. He was upright and devoted to God, never an idolater, and the people who are closest to him are those who truly follow his ways, this Prophet, and [true] believers– God is close to [true] believers. (3:67-68)
Prophet Moses (pbuh)
Moses (Musa), peace be upon him, is a prophet mutually revered by Muslims, Christians, and Jewish people. God relates the story of Moses repeatedly throughout the Quran, His final revelation. While it is similar to the Biblical narrative, it also differs in some crucial places.
The Quran chronicles his journey as an infant into the palace of Pharaoh, his exile from Egypt and then his return as a messenger of God. It further documents the various travails he endured with his people as he led them to Palestine. Throughout, God honors Moses in the Quran, and exonerates him of any blame for the actions of his people.
Prophet Jesus (pbuh)
Muslims respect and venerate Jesus, peace be upon him. They consider him to be one of God’s greatest messengers to humankind. The Quran re-affirms his miraculous birth and his miraculous abilities. Furthermore, his mother Mary is regarded as one of the most pure and exalted women of all creation.
At the same time, Islam teaches that Jesus did not die on the cross but was instead raised up to the heavens by God. In addition, Islam maintains that Jesus was human and any divine traits he possessed were by the permission of God.
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Islam is the culmination of the universal message of God taught by all of His prophets. Muslims believe that a prophet was chosen for every nation at some point in their history, enjoining them to worship God alone and delivering guidance on how to live peacefully with others. Some of the prophets of God include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, peace be upon them all. The prophets all conveyed the consistent divine message of worshiping one God, along with specific societal laws for each nation’s circumstances.
However, after the prophets delivered the divine guidance to their people, their message was lost, abandoned, or changed over time, with only parts of the original message intact. God then sent another prophet to rectify their beliefs. In order to restore the original call of all prophets, God sent Muhammad, peace be upon him (pbuh), as the final prophet to all of humanity in the 7th century C.E.
In 610 C.E., Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad (pbuh) with the first divine message. For the next 23 years, he continued to receive revelations until the message was completed. Muhammad (pbuh) called people towards the belief in one God and encouraged them to be just and merciful to one another. He was a living example of God’s guidance for the benefit of the entire humankind.
“Then We revealed to you [Muhammad], ‘Follow the creed of Abraham, a man of pure faith who was not an idolater.’” (Quran, 16:123)
This section explores the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), what esteemed non-Muslims scholars have said about him, biblical references about him, and more.
Concept of God in Islam
Monotheism, belief in one God, is the most important and foundational concept in Islam. Muslims believe in one God who created the universe and has power over everything within it. He is unique and exalted above everything He creates, and His greatness cannot be compared to His creation. Furthermore, He is the only one deserving of any worship and the ultimate purpose of all creation is to submit to Him. The Islamic understanding of God is distinct from all other religions and beliefs in various respects since it is based on a pure and clear understanding of monotheism. This essentially captures the concept of God in Islam, which will be further elaborated in this pamphlet.
Muslims often refer to God as Allah. This is a universal name for God and does not refer to an exclusively ‘Islamic’ God. Interestingly, this name is related to the Aramaic and Hebrew names for God, Allaha and Elohim. Therefore, Allah is simply the Arabic name for God which affirms that He is One singular God with no partners or equals. The name Allah cannot be pluralized or limited to a specific gender, which establishes that God is One and that He is unique from everything He creates. Muslims continue to use this original Arabic name for God (Allah) since it perfectly expresses His unique qualities.
God is the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe who created everything for a reason. Muslims believe that He created humankind with a simple purpose – to worship Him. He sent messengers to guide people in fulfilling this purpose. Some of these messengers include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, peace be upon all of them. They all taught a consistent message about God by affirming His greatness as the Creator and guiding people to worship Him alone. This basic concept has always resonated with people’s natural understanding of God. (Click here to learn more about prophets in Islam.)
When the final prophet, Muhammad, peace be upon him (pbuh), was asked about God, the answer came directly from God in the holy book of Muslims, the Quran (also spelled ‘Koran’): “Say, ‘He is God the One, God the eternal. He begot no one nor was He begotten. No one is comparable to Him.’” [112:1-4] This is a clear statement by God describing Himself to humanity without any room for confusion. God is One and is exalted above everything He creates and He is capable over all things.
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